mark out the major regions of a page, such as main content, navigation, header and footer. Assistive technologies like screen readers use these landmarks for orientation: users can jump straight to the main content, identify navigation and move through the page in a structured way.

Important landmarks come from native elements:

  • <main> for the main region,
  • <nav> for navigation areas,
  • <header> and <footer>,
  • <aside> for supplementary content.

Well-implemented landmarks are unambiguous and sensibly named, for example a navigation with an aria-label. Problems arise from duplicate or unnamed landmarks, several visible <main> elements, or regions rebuilt via a role attribute when a native element would suffice.