make clear who is responsible for a website and whether its content is credible. They operate on two levels.

At the website level they include:

  • an imprint and clear ,
  • privacy and contact pages with genuine ways to get in touch,
  • about, team or author pages,
  • a secure connection,
  • consistent company details, references and reviews.

At the content level they include a visible author, publication and update dates, cited sources, and a clear separation of opinion, advertising and information.

Which signals are needed depends on country, industry and site type: a medical portal or financial advice site needs stronger signals than a small B2B agency. Signals must be easy to find and genuine, because fabricated trust claims cause more harm than good.